75.sort-colors

Statement

简体中文English

Metadata

• Link: 颜色分类
• Difficulty: Medium
• Tag: 数组 双指针 排序

给定一个包含红色、白色和蓝色、共 n 个元素的数组 nums ，原地对它们进行排序，使得相同颜色的元素相邻，并按照红色、白色、蓝色顺序排列。

我们使用整数 0、 1 和 2 分别表示红色、白色和蓝色。

必须在不使用库的sort函数的情况下解决这个问题。

 

示例 1：

输入：nums = [2,0,2,1,1,0]
输出：[0,0,1,1,2,2]

示例 2：

输入：nums = [2,0,1]
输出：[0,1,2]

 

提示：

• n == nums.length
• 1 <= n <= 300
• nums[i] 为 0、1 或 2

 

进阶：

• 你可以不使用代码库中的排序函数来解决这道题吗？
• 你能想出一个仅使用常数空间的一趟扫描算法吗？

Metadata

• Link: Sort Colors
• Difficulty: Medium
• Tag: Array Two Pointers Sorting

Given an array nums with n objects colored red, white, or blue, sort them in-place so that objects of the same color are adjacent, with the colors in the order red, white, and blue.

We will use the integers 0, 1, and 2 to represent the color red, white, and blue, respectively.

You must solve this problem without using the library's sort function.

 

Example 1:

Input: nums = [2,0,2,1,1,0]
Output: [0,0,1,1,2,2]

Example 2:

Input: nums = [2,0,1]
Output: [0,1,2]

 

Constraints:

• n == nums.length
• 1 <= n <= 300
• nums[i] is either 0, 1, or 2.

 

Follow up: Could you come up with a one-pass algorithm using only constant extra space?

Solution

Python 3

from typing import List


class Solution:
    def sortColors(self, nums: List[int]) -> None:
        """
        Do not return anything, modify nums in-place instead.
        """
        n = len(nums)
        l, r = 0, n - 1
        for i in range(n):
            pre = nums[i]
            while True:
                if nums[i] == 0:
                    while l < i and nums[l] == 0:
                        l += 1
                    nums[l], nums[i] = nums[i], nums[l]
                elif nums[i] == 2:
                    while r > i and nums[r] == 2:
                        r -= 1
                    nums[r], nums[i] = nums[i], nums[r]
                else:
                    break

                if nums[i] == pre:
                    break

                pre = nums[i]

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最后更新: October 11, 2023